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Bulletin of Rhode Island State College 


VOL. XXVI, NO. 4 FOR FEBRUARY, 1931 


REPORT OF THE BOARD OF MANAGERS 


KINGSTON, R. I. 


1931 


PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE COLLEGE 
MAY, AUGUST, NOVEMBER, FEBRUARY 


ENTERED AT KINGSTON, RHODE ISLAND, AS SECOND CLASS MATTER 


SNOW & FARNHAM CO., INC., PROVIDENCE, R. I. 


RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE 


CORPORATION 
WALTER E. RANGER, Pres., Com. of Education, ex-offíicio......... Providence 
ZENAS VV, Briss, Vice-President... css Providence Co., Providence 
ROBERT S. BURLINGAME, Clerk and Treasurer.. dur DE ELS Newport Co., Newport 
THOMAS WEATHER WOON. oro epus di ape quet be Kent Co., East Greenwich 
ENGEL RIEN. ou via x ac L a.. -Bristol Co., Warren 
Mrs. L. Mowry SCHEUESINGER........ eene Washington Co., Charlestown 


Harry R. Lewis, Com. of Agriculture, ex-officio............ East Greenwich 


REPORT 


To His Excellency Norman S. Case, Governor, and the Honorable 
General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island and Providence 
Plantations, at its January Session, 1931. 


I have the honor to submit herewith the Forty-third Annual 
Report of the Board of Managers of Rhode Island State Col- 
lege, as required by law. 

WALTER E. RANGER, 
President, Board of Managers. 


REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE 


To the Board of Managers, Rhode Island State College: 


GENTLEMEN : The following constitutes my report for the statisti- 
cal year December 1, 1929, to November 30, 1930. 


lhe outstanding event of the year 1930 in the history of the 
college was the death of President Howard Edwards on April 
10. He had completed nearly twenty-four years of service as 
president of Rhode Island State College and had lived to see his 
plans for the development of the college in a large measure 
realized. The passing of this veteran leader removed from the 
held of education in our state one who had won for himself an 
exalted position by reason of his ripe scholarship, his fearless 
leadership, and singleminded devotion to the great task which 
was placed before him when he assumed charge of the college 
on July 1, 1906. The magnitude of this task and the courageous 
manner in which he faced it, his untiring devotion, -wise fore- 
sight and masterly skill with which he addressed himself to the 
task is known to all but to none more intimately than to us who 
have served under his command here at the college. In his re- 
port to your Board in January, 1929, he devoted a considerable 
space to a summary of his twenty-two years' work and in his 
own graphic style pointed to the contrasts between conditions 
as he found them when he came here and as they are today. The 
college as we know it now is his accomplishment and his im- 
perishable monument. 


His passing cast a cloud over the activities of the institution 
where he had labored for so many years. Through all the events 
during the remainder of the year his unseen presence was felt. 
It was hard to realize that the familiar figure would be seen no 
more in our faculty meetings and assemblies, and that his in- 
spiring words would no longer be heard. 


The simple funeral service was conducted in the hall that bears 
his name. Dr. Edward Holyoke paid a beautiful tribute to his 
memory and he was laid to rest in Fernwood Cemetery upon the 
close of a beautiful spring day. 


6 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


On May 19 a memorial service was held at which impressive 
tributes were paid to his memory by the Governor of the state 
and representatives of the Board of Managers, faculty, students, 
and alumni. These addresses have been printed in a suitable form 
and generally distributed. 


Dr. Edwards published no books during his life, but he left 
behind the manuscripts of many public addresses that he gave 
during the active years of his life. These addresses contain so 
much of his wisdom and philosophy of life that it is hoped that 
they may be sometime gathered and published in a memorial 
volume. 


Material Equipment 


The last session of the legislature made provision for the con- 
struction of suitable buildings for the carrying on of an Egg- 
Laying Contest. The buildings have been completed and are 
situated on the East Farm. The contest itself began October 1 
with all the houses occupied and 1s being successfully carried on 
under the immediate direction of Dr. J. C. Weldin. 


During the past year a number of important improvements 
have been completed and necessary repairs made to the college 
buildings. The plan for an ample water supply for ordinary use 
and adequate for fire protection for all of the buildings has been 
carried forward by the completion of eight-inch water mains on 
the north, east, and most of the south sides of the quadrangle 
with service connections to all the larger buildings. In addition 
to many minor repairs and improvements the worn out heating 
system at the Experiment Station building has been replaced by 
a new connection with the central heating plant which provides 
more economical and efficient heating for this building. The 
water and steam piping in East Hall has been entirely replaced 
by brass pipes, and the bathrooms have had watertight floors 
laid. New hardwood floors have been laid in both dining rooms 
and in the serving rooms and a new water heater installed to 
provide hot water sufficient for kitchen and the men who occupy 
the dormitory. The greenhouse glass has been entirely reset and 
all of the metal work repainted. 


REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. R 


lhe equipment for engineering instruction has been substan- 
tially improved by the purchase of a 200,000-pound testing ma- 
chine, a Diessel Engine and other apparatus, and other depart- 
ments have had some important improvements in their equip- 
ment. 


Enrollment 


Full details of the registration this year are given in the re- 
port of the registrar submitted with this report. It will be seen 
from this report that the total registration for this year is 634 as 
compared with 622 last year. The number of freshmen is 215 
this year and 206 last year. There are 147 women this year and 
last year there were 146. The distribution of the students in the 
several courses shows a slight change from last year. Engineer- 
ing and General Science have both gained in numbers at the ex- 
pense of the other courses, but these changes are not sufficient 
to indicate any trend. 


lhe writer was this year for the first time in intimate touch 
with the selection of the members of the freshman class. It is 
interesting to note the change that has taken place since Dr. 
Edwards came to this college. At the beginning of his adminis- 
tration 11 graduates of high schools applied for admission to 
this college. In 1930 436 applied; of these 215 were admitted. 
Most of those who were rejected lacked the necessary number 
of units but there was a considerable number. who had the full 
number of units but lacked one or more required subjects. Public 
. announcement was made early in August that more candidates 
had appled than could be taken into the freshman class 
and efforts were made to discourage further applications. In 
spite of this high school graduates continued to send in their 
records and many requests for consideration of candidates were 
received by letter and personal application so that while our 
records show only 16 fully qualified applicants that were refused 
admission the number who would have entered if they had been 
encouraged to apply 1s probably three or four times that number. 


8 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


Gifts 

We are glad to acknowledge the receipt this year of donations 
by several organizations of scholarship funds. Rhode Island 
State Grange gave $100 for two scholarships, one in agriculture 
and one in home economics. The Rhode Island State Federation 
of Women's Clubs gave $150 for three scholarships for young 
women, and the Triangle Club of Kingston gave $100 for two 
scholarships for young women. 


On alumni day Mr. Israel Kaplan of the class of 1920 an- 
nounced that he would give $25 annually for three years to the 
senior who combines in the highest degree scholarship, char- 


acter, and extra-curricular ability, the first award to be made in 
1931. , 


Two student organizations have again given scholarship prizes. 
The Pan Hellenic society and Chi Omega sorority each gave $25 
for student prizes. 


CHANGES IN PERSONNEL 


The following changes in the personnel of the college have 
taken place during the calendar year 1930. 


Resignations 


On March 1, Mr. Nathaniel Helme resigned his position as 
Meteorologist of the Experiment Station. Mr. Helme was ap- 
pointed to this position in 1893 and at the date of his resigna- 
tion had been longest in service of the college of any person in 
its employ. 


Mr. Donald E. Frear resigned on June 30. He had been Assis- 
tant Chemist at the Experiment Station for two years and with- 
drew to take a more desirable position. 


Miss Berniece E. Neill resigned her position as Assistant Re- 
search Worker in Home Economics on August 31 in order to 
take up graduate work. 


Mr. Samuel Allan Howes resigned his position as Instructor 
in Botany at the end of the college year to accept another teach- 
ing position. 


REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 9 


Mr. Ralph D. Morrison withdrew from his position of Superin- 
tendent of Construction on August 3l. 


Mr. James R. Randolph, who had been appointed to carry on 
the work of Professor Webster in Civil Engineering during his 
illness, terminated his connection with the college at the end 
of the year. 


Dr. Charles Carroll, who had given courses in Education, 
Rhode Island School Law, and the History of Education, was 
unable to continue with his work at the college because of the 
pressure of other duties at the College of Education and as 
Assistant Commissioner of Education and was obliged to re- 
linquish his position at the end of the college year. 


Mr. Harry S. Hall, who became Assistant Chemist at the Ex- 
periment Station earlier in the year, was obliged to relinquish 
his position in December because of illness. 


Appointments 


To fill the position left vacant by the resignation of Miss 
Berniece Neill, Mrs. Blanche Matheny Kuschke was appointed 
Assistant in Home Economics Research work in the Experiment 
Station and began her duties on September 1. Mrs. Kuschke 
is a graduate of Montana State College and has spent a year in 
postgraduate work and had several years' experience as super- 
visor and demonstrator in Home Economics. | 


With the establishment of the Egg-Laying Contest it was 
necessary to secure an experienced practical poultry man to 
superintend this work and for that purpose Mr. Thomas C. Hig- 
gins was appointed Plant Manager of the Department of Animal 
Breeding and Pathology of the Experiment Station. He began 
his duties on August 1. 


Upon August 1, Mr. Harry 5$. Hall took up the position of 
Assistant Chemist at the Experiment Station made vacant by 
the resignation of Donald E. Frear. Mr. Hall is a graduate of 
Tufts College in the class of 1930. He was unfortunately in- 
capacitated by serious illness after he had filled the position a 
little over four months and it was necessary for him to relinquish 
his position in December. | 


10 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


Late in December Mr. Donald R. Willard, a graduate of this 
college, was appointed to fill the position made vacant by the 


withdrawal of Mr. Hall and began his duties upon January 1, 
1931. 


Mr. Kenneth E. Wright was appointed Instructor in Botany 
and began his duties on September 1. He fills the position 
vacated by the resignation of Mr. S. A. Howes. Mr. Wright is a 
graduate of Ohio State University with the degree of B.S. in 
1925. He spent two years in high school teaching and reentered 
the University in 1928 and has spent two years there in gradu- 
ate work and teaching and has the degree of M.S. in Botany. 


Mr. Robert A. DeWolf was appointed Instructor in Zoology 
to carry on part of the work in that department, as the writer 
was unable to do the work of teaching because of the burden of 
executive work. Mr. DeWolf is a graduate of Norwich Univer- 
sity and has had several years of experience in zoological teach- 
ing. 

Mr. Carroll D. Billmyer was appointed Assistant Professor of 
Civil Engineering and Superintendent of Construction. Prof. Bill- 
myer is a graduate of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and of 
Shepard College State Normal School. For several years he was 
Assistant Professor in Georgia School of Technology and has 
had extended experience as Construction Engineer for several 
large corporations and at the time of his appointment was En- 
gineer for the Atlas Portland Cement Company. 


Changes in Title or Position 


Mr. George H. Baldwin took over the classes in Education 
which were formerly conducted by Dr. Charles Carroll. 


Mr. Crawford P. Hart was promoted from the position of 
Instructor to that of Assistant Professor of Poultry Husbandry. 


Mr. William J. Champlin was made Meteorolagist of the Ex- 
periment Station on August 1. 


During the year Professor Harold W. Browning has been 
acting as Dean of Science. 


REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. 11 


Upon April 1 the writer was made Vice-President and upon 
April 10, at the death of Dr. Edwards, assumed the duties of 
President, and upon May 6 was designated Acting President. 


Upon December 29, Mr. Raymond G. Bressler was appointed 
President to assume this position on April 1, 1931. Mr. Bressler 
brings to his new position an extended and varied experience. 
He has been awarded the degrees of A.B., Valparaiso Univ., 
1908; M.S., Wofford College, 1910; M.S., University of Wiscon- 
sin, 1917, and B.S. in Agr. Education, Texas A. & M. College, 
1918. He has also spent two years in study for his doctorate at 
Columbia University. Mr. Bressler is now Deputy Secretary of 
Agriculture at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 


Commencement 


Commencement week was held June 7 to 9. The senior class 
carried out its usual program on Saturday, June 7, and on Sun- 
day, June 8, baccalaureate services were conducted in Edwards 
Hall. The address was given by the President of your Board, 
Hon. Walter E. Ranger, upon the subject Youth’s Adventure on the 
Conflicting Currents of Diverse Social Orders. 

On Monday, June 9, the thirty-seventh annual commencement 
was held in Edwards Hall. The usual program was followed. 
Greetings were given by the Governor, Hon. Norman S. Case, 
and Dr. Ranger. The address was given by the United States 
Commissioner of Education, Dr. William John Cooper. The 
Bachelor of Science degree was conferred upon 92 candidates, 5 
in agriculture, 17 in business administration, 18 in general 
science, 22 in home economics, and 30 in engineering. For the 
hrst time a posthumous degree was conferred. Charles H. Hol- 
land died on December 2 and was given a degree with his class. 
lhe degree of Master of Science was conferred on 1 candidate. 
lhree honorary degrees were conferred by concurrent action 
of your Board and the faculty. Hon. Charles F. Stearns, Chief 
Justice of the Supreme Court was given the degree of Doctor 
of Legal Letters; Mr. William T. Peck, for fifty years principal 
of Classical High School was given the degree of Doctor of 
Education, and Commissioner William John Cooper was made a 
Doctor of Literature. 


12 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


During the nine months that have elapsed since my appoint- 
ment as acting president the work has gone forward smoothly 
and efficiently and without friction or unfavorable incidents. I 
beg leave in closing to extend my thanks to the members of the 
faculty who have so loyally co-operated to carry on the im- 
portant work of the institution and to your Board for the uni- 
form consideration and support you have given me. 


Respectfully submitted, 


JOHN BARLOW, 


Acting President. 
February 19, 1931 
Kingston, R. I. 


REPORT OF THE REGISTRAR, 1 


eS 


Report of the Registrar 
Attendance 
TABLE No. 1 


Showing attendance by Classes during years 1926-1930 


CLASS 1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 1929-30 1930-31 
A A O 3 4 2 1 2 
A e MÍA DER MTS ARA 94 83 96 98 97 
(0700 SEE MEE EN Re" A 97 110 120 110 152 
RR ee eee 138 124 130 201 162 
RREO a ae 168 189 252 206 217 
E ea IN 18 14 7 6 15 
ET ee URES ws 518 524 607 622 645 


TABLE No. 2 


Showing Number of Men and Women, of New and Previous Matriculates, 
and Number in the Several Courses by Classes for 
Collegiate Year 1930-1931 


CLASS SEX DATE OF MATRICULATION 
Men Women Previous to 1930 
1930 
GIQUAUU C POWER SNS ne ka ESSO E ME 2 2 
CT T E die e een RN, 70 27 97 
EI APR O ELT AON EO 122 30 152 
os LL O Z deeg EE < 115 4T 159 
LL LL RETURN as UII PT INS 177 40 6 211 
AAA ok RU SET OT EPOR ok à 11 4 8 7 


Grand Total. i... PRA. 497 148 424 221 


14 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


Agri. Engineering Gen. | Home| Bus. | Ed. | Total 
Sci. Ec. | Ad. 


ST TTT | —o————— le 


CLASS Civil |Chem | Elec. |Mech.| Total 

SHOP... sur. 5 13 7 7 9 36 21 18 Y Ra 97 
SJUIMOR oc d ch 6 25 10 18 23 76 21 24 LEE 152 
Sophomore.... 6 18 12 12 25 67 36 34 INI. ais 162 
Freshman..... iia a E ES Re E d 109 50 29 SUL LiT 217 
is Li A CRO ferro giro ADO E init MOSES 1 5 EMEN E 8 15 
Grand Total. ` 22 56 29 37 57 289 139 100 85 8 643 
Men Women 

students boarding at the college. Zeg Vd NN, Ee bye eas 119 

Students not boarding at the college................. E kas INC KGT 25 


Home Residence of Students Enrolled in 
Four-Year Courses 


A. Resident outside of the State: 


China: Illinois: 
EE e» LI ovi 1 Galesburg...... ES E Er 1 
India: Maine: 
Dl D Rao wide AOS 1 North Waterford............ 1 
Spain: Massachusetts: 
Barcelona.................. AttlebokO S kee eee 5 
Connecticut: Barrowaville.. Z eae 1 
Lanes... vele SES 1 Ot os EE 8 
o 1 Aer ËCH capa 2 BIOUEHHe xira re 1 
MUI UO SI o LM VI 1 Campelo: Sieg rS VM 2 
NEN PEINE, . ss, rix M Chicopese Falla. s. u.s E 5 
RON E ek SEIL 1 Egeter Eege eee ees 1 
eno es su 1 East LBS. ors ta ein 1 
CO Ee 2 POO Sk ic ee ees 2 
ERO GT A toe A 1 AN RIVER. M is ER yes 7 
—— RREGOP S VES id are IE S 2 
12 PERV) ien s. UH YE 1 


REPORT OF THE REGISTRAR, 


TOWER ROO E ETE ETE 1 Michigan: 
OEC CT Cu Get Age SS O 1 A RD C o EV 
Malden Ra et eee Wooden tei 1 New Jersey: 
NEMO oder. ode 2 Eus A o 
TEEN 1 MU (7c AYER SONES À 
New Bedford............... 2 CSAC WOO T S os RR T. S iia 
North AFteDOfO. essen 3 E RP NONE LM NERA 
POLONIA A E 1 a e de c ND 
FrOGVIBCetOWD. Fics cent nn 1 C Myke ace Apt T RSS 
ROC alg each EES 1 Boi A 
TE S a AIR eae aR Ee 1 Rota usb o s 
vol ol a wie E eae eu 3 
ROREM. e La e ks AS A 1 
SENO. ere ox 24. Mew York 
Springfield............... 3 MA arsit 
EURO a a 2 New YOR ID cre Ce A 
DE TOE 1 Rossville, Long Island....... 
MIOS ico IR nen ue 1 
O E EEN 1 
Willimansett.... 1 Pennsylvania: 
fe gm or A E 2 Childs...... eee 
pese PEACE Cesc seca Dax sus bes 
67 
Total attendance trom outside the State. Nee a a R aa RR mm 


B. Resident in Rhode Island by Counties and Towns: 


Bristol: Providence: 
BoA COR TT ie ves 1 Cotia Cad cer o Tg o ERR 
UCN: datu EU T IRR OE EA E 12 Lentral Pulli, 2. ccu E weeks 
COE 1o: DE CS ROPA S PIE EU 5 EL ass ora care eei are 
—— Cumberland Jj... devo n EV 
18 East Providence........ 
Kent: Ee T o - 2 E Vies EE 
QUE Vos Toe i ree & PONTOON A. Le v Rud aims Rb 
East Greenwich... 12 ER ER isa ue E ex 
NN PME o Z A wo 10 North Providence. o. 
West Warwick erg be aes 7 LUNWEWUCEBE. Lou A Ze eech 
—— FrOUHIGIEeG EEN A E 
33 PICTURES loo uut E USA 
Newport: aa A UIT! T A A A SE 
ES A 5 MOIS INE MRE: E ag, a dx 
BUDE A ores 36 
New Shoreham oii aeaieie 1 
POPES NG cr R NR TE rn 2 Washington: 
—— a A ran e ere 
44 A E TE 


QN mom M M pa RS RS 


16 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


¿North Kingstown.. criara, 9 Westerlt vui e, ea AA 24 
NIC INE ce A a ere 4 —— 
South Kingstown... z.s tii a3 69 

Total attendance from within the State. Le nicotina EE ANTES 524 


Preparatory Schools Represented in Freshman Class 


In Rhode Island: In Maine: 
Bristol: Bucksport Seminary......... 1 
Colt Memorial High....... 3 Bridgton Academy.......... 1 
Burrilivile High... uewen 1 SM: 
Central Fale High. . «ces 2 3 
Cranston Milho, ssa AEN Ze $ 16 
East Greenwich Academy.... 5 In Massachusetts: 
East Providence High....... 6 Brockton High............. 3 
Newport: Attleboro High. vw ak vide 2 
pets GUN. Ve recita 1 Chicopee High.............. 4 
Rogers High NER rae pi D N 9 Den MO xi S EYE ETAT EL 1 
Pawtucket Senior High. ..... 15 Fairhaven High............. 1 
Providence: Fall River: 
AT ss 8 B. M. C. Durfee High..... 5 
Commercial High......... .3 Gardner High... ines S MS 2 
Hope Street High......... 11 Lawrence Hinh... vios 1 
La Salle Academy vie eae A ECOL 14 Middleboro: 
St. Mary's High. ......... l Memorial High........... 1 
St. Xavier's Academy...... 4 New Bedford High.......... 2 
Technical High deut e: dein 37 North Attleboro High Qar T 1 
South Kingstown High....... 17 Provincetown High.......... 1 
Warren High............---. À Taunton High. 0.02. as 1 
WNCHICE NEM Zug A d 25 ES A PE f 
West Warwick High......... 3 25 
Westerly POD, os ee E 7 
acne MR bcr: 6 In New Hampshire: 
Mt. St. Charles Academy... 1 Kingston: 
—— Sanborn Seminary......... 1 
172 New Hampton High. ........ 1 
In Connecticut: , Meis 
New Haven High........... 2 2 
Old Saybrook High. ......... 1 
Stonington Hiph... o Za: s a In New Jersey: 
—— Elizabeth High... 2i 1 
6 Paso THEN... 0 5 cis o's citys 1 
In Georgia: Roselle Park High........... 1 
Atlanta: Ra 
School of Technology...... 1 3 


REPORT OF THE REGISTRAR. 17 


In Pennsylvania: PX In seen 
Hazelton City High......... EE 
gen er e ba s The English School. ....... 1 
a a RG EA In Texas: 
Re San Antonio: 
2 Brackenridge High. ......... 1 
Total number of students received from high school................... 208 
Total number of students re-classified and repeating work.............. 5 
Total number of students transferred from other colleges.............. 4 
Total number of students classified as freshmen................... 217 


Average age of men and women, Oct. 1, 1930—18 years, 6 months, 16 days 
Age of youngest member of class, Oct. 1, 1930—16 years, 6 months, 22 days 
Age of oldest member of class, Oct. 1, 1930—26 years, 4 months, 17 days 


R. S. BURLINGAME, Treasurer, in account with the different funds of Rhode Island State College for 7 months 


REPORT OF THE TREASURER 


EXPENDITURES 


Special Services. ........... 
ç Ne N sos xx» KES nos 
Freight and Express. ....... 
Telephone and Telegraph ... 


Light, Heat, etc. .......... 
Motor Vehicle Expense..... 
Subscriptions. ........s eee 
Other Expenses............ 
(Om UT A M E 


Office Supplies. ............ 
Laundry, Cleaning and Sani- 


Ds ES o OMNE 
Reereational........ see 
Agricultural and Botanical .. 
Other Supplies............. 
Rena LADOT, Li vere no 


ending June $0, 1930 
Morrill Morrill Capper- Smith- State Bond 
1890 1862 Ketcham Lever Maintenance Current Trust Issue Totals 
$23,199.14 $2,657.42 $10,135.20 $3,579.64 $58,224.96 $2,379.98 2550.00 `. Ee E $100,726 24 
En NEE ET 23,975.04 d 400.33 19,006.35 SE 47,381.72 
SU RR AGL) Poe Ede Na LAM SK I eae 1,068 .00 coa. 4 ERE a x 1,068.00 
ew Ma Eu ace ll EE d EORR. | fe Ur a Sees 1,971.22 92.33 1,638.58 871.59 TUA PUTENT 3,913.72 
Oa mW aar lae Mo one da Fal rra e LIS 1.40 CR RT T 944.89 447.84 A e A 1,394.18 
NE E rey SRY Sg. einer EE ns WEN AERE 865.49 O a s Tr BRS 865.49 
ed RU YT C NEN EN CAM IO NEN S EE .60 Be ivi 326.47 EUR. QUE Far V. 327.07 
4X Beats ET MANC UM CR Rad a 148.00 d EAS 482.68 a | se CEP CC XS 630.68 
Eye. aT MU Me MADE e eC SC E 220.40 GO UE o À 220.40 
PE LE A a E RAS 2,909.44 MEE aa BEEN 2,909.44 
ka RAW RE OSEE SQQ MEET EN e A Ira TE 1,130.44 7.9 E €. Sas Aca» 1,130.44 
a d 15 Pinca E case yas E Ee el pre a qd MN Rs 682.61 AC eee RE RT 682.61 
TID E ras er otras ROSSI e D NC SCARPE Wap E MEE 1,181.44 38.95 MET preg SA 1,220.39 
ex KEIRA. SL XI Mora eu M MAL EE E e 108.82 9,748.58 SC T 9,857.40 
A a ys ae ane See 2,767 .67 15.00 eae das Su apa qa 2,182.67 
vr e Ee tr iE qu ursi cU Le EE 37,741.15 A 37,741.15 
Tr DUI eater E E 1 E 4,018.81 See ee L n 4,018.81 
a A DECLINE S RE EE D 13,000.00 2,508.71 938 .63 Eege 16,447.34 
EE A E eee 852.67 V oC sign 991.52 5.92 he 1,850.11 
e cenas Ee oak one ee a 501.18 1,416.38 Ms eas x 1,917.56 
(ces mo L aa EE al eee LE cati x 8 d 3,270.53 ud n "ors 3,270.53 
Waves A Soe at CREME E urs P Sere ac. 1,184.24 a neo et psoas ho = 1,184.24 
See tee A ecu atus mcm D EE A RATE 1,422.68 ME wees Se 1,422.68 
RE Y. ul dE 132.99 ee Rees 2,281.88 3,905.78 UE MUR 6,320.65 
A A en ere ma pape E 6,540.63 26.03 269.55 EE 6,836.21 


81 


‘ADATION ALVIS ANVASI AGOHY 


Morrill Morrill Capper- Smith- State Bond 
1890 1862 Ketcham Lever Maintenance Current Trust Issue Totals 
e a 
Bulle Band AE ce Ee EE e tt BE La $1,779.42 Steere. Se Ser 35. - 43 0056. ker, $1,922.12 
Heating and Plumbing Repair | 

T Ce ucc. ees, A COUPE —— — 0 GA oe SE 2,805.45 105.22 E —070.1.——. 2,993.85 
Electrical Repair Material... A ANA A 729 EX. S 472.18 A listed - Ocoee 635.02 
A e msm. Corsa DO "Xv Reade 586.76 429.25 o Do A T 1,308.41 
A a E EE ee eg de dO vx ce was BI. EB uui. URBIS Po OLA eux 315.56 
DAMEN aa EES IE AM ` "Ee US sett 122.20 
C LIMIT. e a a 2 Wisi ele 18.53 BE Ii. 21.94 
MENU M Ee (C ESTA O vcwfodn A Sims 199.38 
Dining Room Ware......... Co cese si CS ss IH Ee REL S See =! eee eee 057 NN 526.03 
Ee deg e —  weeweeea | - 23i. 9,755.00 52.12 NEM s. 9,909.04 
DM I.T sas wae weed. VE vagas ad EE A 52.50 BENE o. 68.00 
Office Furniture and Equip- 

EE eee Es $264.20 $421.83 753.35 19.90 y aM Be ine ha eine 1,459 .28 
Household Furniture and 

SA A A AOS E S a UTC TTE asa a edi e <a he ees Bae E EE E 8.97 
Medical and Laboratory 

AAA ES. CU waskilie.. EE Macs ro o E See a Gad A ee ee 123.29 
BN VN UP VIN ua. exor. i Vi rs 26.97 11,128.44 MNA. aa Ve 11,865.16 
Agricultural and Farm Equip- 

AAA A A av eg oe ol E TEUER ën e EE E EE alee E 2,179.92 
Scientific Equipment EODEM E, MELIA O Wa da RS er T ssa as Sy ds ee IL. Met Nee E Ae 145.21 
PENNE eee E | Dutra O oan acca. CL E A ISA AN A A EMO = 243.80 
A A EAS A ES AN 284.50 100.23 29.43 D Ge Sete 422.39 
AA A cris OA A T K E, T e vU. MEE TL 53.79 
A A AA A ` Med weie e aa e A E DA ERA A A 890.00 

TOWN. UNE E, $23,199.14 $2,657.42 $10,399.40 $6,965.03 $135,736.79 . $36,404.59 $70,170.77  .  ........ $285,533 .14 


UTIANSVAUL AHL AO 130447 


pL 


Morrill Morrill 
RECEIPTS 1890 1862 


Balance on hand, December 


e Li era tot ees E eL T we VERSA 
DIENEN. e vs cris o A LIN ae meo ME Se 
RIEU A A we RICE 


Advanced Dairy Registry... — ........ — e 
A T TE E EE Vr Ee X do 
e iv VEMM EE ad cuo axem é 


ONE. ciel S E $23,199.14 $2,657.42 
Expenditures. ......... 23,199.14 2,657.42 


*Balance reverting to Federal Treasurer. 

TBalance reverting to State Treasurer. 
**Of this balance $2,998.21 reverts to State Treasurer. 
**Of this balance $3,007.16 reverts to Federal Treasurer. 


$7,668.20 $138,735.00 


Current 


4 ADA 06.58 


0000300 Ow 
JR e Wi Ki 90,5 
2. 9.9.9 7 9 a 
90000 HR. 
® 9.9 6497» £418 
o e 023207 BAD 


.81 
.59 


$688 . 22 


Trust 


$1,498 .49Dr. $14,892.48 


es aa 


49,109.26 
4,800.13 
890.70 
4.75 
2,475.35 
2,058.50 
1,215.00 
$75,446.17 
70,170.77 


$5,275.40 


Reserve Totals 


$2,000.00 $58,963.82 
Eë 2,657.42 


EET I 138,735.00 
2,000.00 2,000.90 
EE 1,364.09 
No COS 20,425.04 
e dine a 1,707.93 
MOT E 4,119.98 


eee er 285,533 .14 


$4,000.00 **$15,968 op 


UC 


‘ADATION ALVIS GNV'ISI 3XdOH 


AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 


o dë M A e 


." . 


Purnell 


e Gi fa o 90:09 


e e Së Aw & SZ ¡0 


9.-9 2 e 9.0 9 Y 


Fertilizer 
Control 


~ " R *" 4. 9 @ 
oe 6.8 e © o v9. 6 
€ © 6: PA ee WW Y 
TAS 0 ZN AS 


State 
Egg-Laying 
Contest 


0-0 5»,.*9* Sa "Mu ` 


oa o WWW 


....... " 


Totals 


cc "> ———————— 1 e anan —— o —— MM ————— 


EXPENDITURES Hatch 
Building and Lad... uu e er re $251.06 
Communication Service. .............. a R 144.93 
Toda MEN... Lo oL O eas 155.82 
FUE O E ri akon ep E 316.48 
Fomin uu IÓ SSA EE 10.27 
Heat, Light, Water and Power............. 180.45 
E E nL aed: Gee Cee ee ed ERA asta 2,085.43 
eege Ss A inka Rasa WK ES ho ndo + 39.30 
"a oe ob ees xk ani sie 554.34 
Voli 0. PEL X 77 YS Ee sera PTT PTT 4,201.23 
Scientifie Equipment... secos 32.14 
Bate SUBE. el eu au aon ESA - 15.66 
Stationery and Office Supplies. ............ 106.21 
e HP VR NE IE SEE DEED ERE SE DT RETE 557.13 
Tools. and Machinery.. sees, 161.85 
A oe escrevia EET 87.85 
o CEDE CI TUI Iura ves dztecsos 274.80 
Contingent Expenses........ SO TU 5, 

AN Ri eC ENEE $9,174.95 


$28,713. 


$1,299.91 


$52,185. 


X DDNHEOSVWHL AHL AO LA4OdHAA 


Ic 


State 
Feeding Fertilizer Egg-Laying 

RECEIPTS Hatch Adams Purnell Misc. Stuffs Control Contest Totals 
Balance on hand, December1,1930......... $9,174.95 $8,984.78 $28,718.81 hos 75 20 MERISON T esa spa $44,487.25 
COIN PRIME. É ss a SS reve SER EES E C Skis Ae STIR nns eas REM aA 0d YR) .0 T 2,874.32 
TU UI «ansam e A E EA E Ee, TIEN ua cu a as — cds re is 210.90 
300: ls A e TRT AS A s oe, AA FO A DE WM IA 90.00 
TT A A H 7 C ee ea qe E ieee tS. a Saas 16.10 
SNE EE ese cus X RE V". AA ee o x M IS AP AA T ocu RU RR A 193.14 
uvis eh ee TESTOR TT TU HEBR S QU v. A o. MBLUN M SLSUQ OD A Së $12,000.00 13,300.00 
Flo uA E AMU eis eres meo O — LOL. IC < RESSORT ISSUE BEI UP C kee weeks 4,168.00 

MA ERE TER EE EE O T KKL $9,174.95 $8,984.78 $28,718.81 $998 .17 $1,300.00 $4,168.00 $12,000.00 $65,339 .71 

a RA oe vs SiS | 9,174.95 8,984.78 28,713.81 955.97 1,299.91 3,600.71 55.09 52,185.22 

T A e ee: o. e A A TE $42.20 **$ 09 $567.29 $11,944.91  À1$12,554.49 


**Balance reverting to State Treasurer. 
19 cents of this amount reverts to State Treasurer. 


CC 


“ADATIOON ALVLS GNV'ISI TOH 


REPORT OF THE TREASURER. 23 


I hereby certify that the above is correct and true, and truly 
represents the details of expenditures for the period and by the 
institution named, 

R. 5. BURLINGAME, 


Treasurer. 


This is to certify that we, the undersigned, Auditing Commit- 
tee of the Board of Managers of Rhode Island State College, 
have examined the accounts of R. S. Burlingame, Treasurer of 
said college, and find the same correct. 


THOMAS G. MATHEWSON, 


CHARLES ESTES, 
Auditors. 


24 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


Summaries Dealing with Certain Phases of Receipts 
and Expenditures for the Year Ending June 30, 1930 


SUMMARY FOR THE YEAR 


Balance on hand; Tae 1, A oe RENE oe $104,978 .12 
Less amount reverting to Federal and State Treasurer. ....... 9,178.83 
GE. CU MCI c CHER ONU med $95,799 .29 
Jota INCOME during Year. ii api awn «dete 517,632.97 
TEMERE. eos auis vr De DO AT ELROD uar auc quA ETE Sero Uta ERE $613,432.26 
Total expenditures during wg a aK RR X K N R aR Ee NEE e 585,476.16 
Balance on hand; Juv L- DD Auer EK e EGET $27,956.10 
INCOME 


Income from Students: 


TOCA TO orate SUE sr rad hod ELS dra iot ux. $4,685.00 
Matriculation and Incidental fees. ........ 5,940.65 
Chemicals and Laboratory fees........... 4,166.58 
Dormitory O L pise pa e Ai a Ms 8,355.50 
Dun A res OS DATO nh AS 100,285.69 
I Ee D ass E R ARES So ae 12,422.91 
———————— 135,856.33 
Income from State and Nation: 
State T i 06s 5 1 secs EE COSS TET $138,735.00 
Mor ACE GF A very cão o 99,900:00 
MOMO ER eek REPEAT 2,657.42 
Hatch Fund of 1887—Experiment Station.. 15,000 .00 
Adams Fund of 1906—Experiment Station. 15,000 .00 
Purnell Fund of 1923—Experiment Station. 60,000 .00 
Smith-Lever Act of 1914—Extension...... 11,680.24 
Capper-Ketcham Fund of 1928— Extension. 20,147.57 
State Egg-Laying Contest................ 12,000 .00 
———————— 325,220.23 
Income from Other Sources: 
Department Sales and Service. ........... $48,813.39 
ERES À ses acera vico Prud poa US 1,334 .75 
Experiment Station: | 
Department Sales and Service $6,117.71 
C ls. ss GS NS ee 290.56 
—— 6,408 .27 


56,556.41 


Take Teéesggge O NEA $517,632.97 


REPORT OF THE TREASURER. 


Receipts from Tuition: 


Students taking course of one year or more. 615 
Students paying tuition (non-resident in 
Rhode Island) at the rate of $50 per year 103 
Amount of tuition paid .. NENNEN 1:33 $4,685 
EXPENDITURES 


25 


Expenditures, Exclusive of Experiment Station and Extension Service: 


$459,537 .57 
96,917.94 
28,820.65 


Agricultural and Botanical............... $1,954.77 
Advertising in Publications.............. 350.10 
OCULI o A A aa wg 15,439.43 
Equipment and Furniture................ 17,856.63 
Forage and Veterinary Supplies. .......... 6,955.82 
Fruentand A 2,488.93 
RR E A doo E A NT ER EXTR RA 25,794.50 
Furnishings and Replacements Ted L Ee? 21,689.82 
ENDE Ea s aca K eoc UTI E Ul AH E 16. 173.240 
To E ct ANG PoWer......c Yu e 5,095 52 
Motor Vehicle EXDONSO.......o.. «<<... 1,887 .95 
REENEN NI Ee wee ee 1,591.33 
Permanent Improvements. .............. 4,179.09 
EE STEE E e E o ERAS 165.97 
ROME o aute weaves ow goa EINE SEO 855.49. 
A AS A EE IZ AUT G 1,118.92 ` 
A tas SA ERA ENS 60,299.57 
DREAMS iso ss si lesa xev ut 1,916.66 
Refrigerating Supplies. 7 AN esa mnn 71.21 
A UOS ETT US YO Wis in rec iae a eer 3,422.26 
PENA Ee ien A owes 4,765.16 
RI A AN A P 34,556.72 
E OLI. o RO ORAR ÓN 146,787.54 
TET Loves Ves EN A Nu 3,621.89 
Bacci] Se OE ue vs Cele XVI rar ue 1,289.00 ~“ 
SEDES ir cias S S Ee Fre cnin 936.57: ^ 
Telephone and Telegraph................ 1,500.15 
Ls EE REE RS A E 4,310.19 
A A E EK 11,863.18 
Expenditures, Experiment Station.....:...........oo...... 
Expenditures, Extension Service.: isis. ce R KRK eds 
Expenditures, Buildings, Bond Íssue....................... 


à TOM. 00 


een 476.16 


26 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


ANALYSIS OF BALANCE, JULY 1, 


1929 
Morrill Fund of 1890. 0 ta ee, $ 
Dorrit Fund OF F667. css oou zw Varus ev ela 
Smith-Lever Fund— Extension Service. ........ 310.44 
Capper-Ketcham Fund— Extension Service... 8,668.39 
Hatch Fund— Experiment Station............ 
Adams Fund—Experiment Station............ 
Purnell Fund—Experiment Station............ 
Miscellaneous—Experiment Station........... 496.78 
State Egg-Laying Contest................... 
A Z ds Ee Ea KR ka 88,757.72 
RE JOE SE ED a 467 . 
ne IR MS EE 5,011.93 
BUB PURO st EE de C dM 2,000.00 
BORNE TD EE E LEAL M Cte sa ~ 200.00 
$104,978.12 
STUDENT ACTIVITIES ÁCCOUNT 
Dr. 
By Balance brought forward from last year................. 
Receipts during year: 
(a); Student Tax... $11,414.50 
(b) Season Tickets. ....... 260 .00 
TA TRA re 51.18 
A ER. eres lé Mele Pees $1,971.81 
TURRET a. KO Eod aceites Ce RE rue n 2,290.56 
DEBE ss RE E a NITE ES Ñ 594 .00 
COSTA ux rd dub ei ce ates AD 8,012.35 
Freshidnn Athletics. 1... ooo uua ons 84.00 
Dei E IB wien, nad suat v aV we een ee 226.14 
muy Funda nen vates su ERAI ieee 3.00 
Lecture ASOCIADOS... orcos ron 360.00 
LORDS 14s E ME EGO Rr KY ERG EE 
ich a atras a EA E 66.00 
A a A exi rax ECOLE 54.00 
E Cri ens uad ow soe Ni con LORD ee 1,001.65 
id Eur E 1,281.49 
Young Women's Athletic Association...... 308.40 
Young Women's Student Government..... 10.43 
Balance on hand, September 1, 1930....... 3,982.46 


$20,246. 


1930 
$ 


103.17 
2,303 .99 


42.20 
11,944.91 
2,998.21 


4,000.00 


$27,956.10 


Cr. 
$702.14 


11,725.68 
228.75 
135.10 

5,112.90 


50.00 


531.00 


234.00 
326.72 


$20,246 .29 


REPORT OF THE TREASURER. 


ALUMNI STUDENT LoAN FUND 


By amount of Contribution to July 1, 1929................. 
Ho amount ol Interest to July 1, RER, rece 
By amount of Interest during 1929-1930.................... 


To Loans Out. July 1, 1930. ss. ies dol. 
CRM RAR CR o se dm. wee es 


$1,413.00 
229. 


70 


$1,638.70 
CAMPUS CLOCK FUND 


By gifts from Senior classes, 1908-1919..................... 
A E A Ride Fool Wie Hike Ma UT 


FREDERICK Roy MARTIN STUDENT LOAN FUND 


By amount of fund received June, 1925........ ce be Ee 
BOO OLIO, BUCTHER ERR EEN use RR nen 


Sues VIDI. V CREER ee E NA A 


SCHOLARSHIP FUNDS 


Be Dang ate OTADBE. euer I hn ER es as cas es 


To award in Agriculture to Leroy Harlan Hersey 
Home Economics to Frances Wright 


Rhode Island State Federation of Women's Clubs............. 


To award to Muriel Grace Fletcher............ 
Virginia Bernadine Lovejoy....... 
Alce Irene EOW. on NA esha 


Tuansle Club of Kingston). cie ves aere WE E 


To award to Clara Marjorie Burton. .......... 


TT NO EMO RAR É A aa ik ee usos € Fx vee MEE 


To award to Mary Evans Chase.............. 


Womens student Goveriineftit.. cc Eon eU RA 


To award to Mary Evans Chase... ........... 


Chic Economics Prise. pesasse ete Reo RORIS ALA RR 


To award to Muriel Grace Fletcher........... 


$1,194 
414 
29 


$1,638 


$226. 
244. 


$470. 


21 


.98 
21 
91 


.70 


.00 


.00 
.00 


.00 


.00 


.00 


.00 


.00 
.00 


.00 
.00 


.00 


28 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


FORTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF 
THE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION* 


ACTING PRESIDENT JOHN BARLOW, 
Rhode Island State College. 


DEAR SIR: 


I have the honor to submit to you the Forty-Third Annual 
Report of the Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station. 


Buildings and Lands, Certain major changes have taken place dur- 
ing 1930. The transference of the experimental poultry depart- 


ment to the East Farm has been completed. A gravel road has 
been constructed so that visitors may drive through the grounds, 
and landscaping around the buildings has been begun. A storage 
cellar for the wintering of pomology stock has been built. On 
the old plain farm a much needed implement shed is in the 
course of erection. Cement soil bins have been constructed 
where experimental work in agronomy can be carried out under 
controlled soil conditions. A drying room of considerable volume 
for the drying of crop samples under automatically controlled 
conditions has been equipped. 


Egg-Laying Contest. During the General Session of 1929-30 the 
sum of $12,000 was appropriated for the purpose of erecting and 
equipping an egg-laying contest plant. Much interest in this 
project was shown by poultrymen of the state and while not of 
research nature there seemed an opportunity to render a dis- 
tinct type of service. Therefore under the supervision of the 
poultry department of the experiment station buildings were 
erected and equipped on the East Farm. The first Rhode Island 
Egg-Laying Contest began on October 1, 1930, with 50 entries 
of which 44 were from Rhode Island poultrymen. | 


In addition to the experimental program of the year a Field 
Day for golf greenkeepers was held on May 26, 1930, with a 
very gratifying attendance. Much interest was showh in the 
experiments on turf culture under way on the plain farm. 


*Contribution No. 406. In Bulletin of Rhode Island State College Vol. XXVI, February, 1931. 


REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 29 


Through cooperation with the Extension Department of the 
college a monthly letter has been sent to market gardeners 
describing the progress of the experiments being carried on with 
vegetable crops. 


During the winter months of 1929-30 a series of seminar talks 
was given by members of the staff of the station which served 
to keep all in touch with the activities of the station. 


The following research projects have been terminated during 
the years 1928-1930 inclusive: 


Adams Fund. Toxic factors of acid soils.—Physiological studies. 
Toxic factors of acid soils.— Chemical studies. 
Phenomena accompanying different degrees of 
soll acidity. 
Physiological relationships of nutrient elements 
to plant growth. 
Inheritance of egg-weight. 


Purnell Fund, Inheritance of body-weight and certain other char- 
| acters in poultry (terminated except for 
publication.) 
Use of time by rural homemakers. 
Nervous disorder in the adult fowl, commonly 
known as fowl paralysis. 
Determination of the ratios of fertilizer ingredi- 
ents best suited to meet normal relative re- 
quirements of crops. 


The more important lines of work to which members of the 
research staff have given attention during 1930 are discussed. 
Where possible, reports of progress and results of research are 
given. Many of the latter, however, can be regarded only as 
trends or impressions until established by further experimenta- 
tion. 

Agricultural Economics 


Farm Business Records. Records of the business during 1929 on 
142 farms in 5 areas of the state were obtained. These farms 
were located as follows: 10 in Jamestown; 49 in Portsmouth; 
47 in Cranston and Johnston; 13 in Coventry and West Green- 
wich ; and 23 in Richmond and South Kingstown. The gross busi- 
ness was less than $1,500 on 18 farms. The average gross re- 


30 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


ceipts on the 124 farms having a business of $1,500 or more 
were $6,647 per farm and the average labor income was $316 
per farm. The three major sources of income were dairy cows, 
poultry, and vegetables. Expenses were $5,686 per farm. Im- 
portant items of expense were grain, labor, and on dairy farms, 
the cost of replacements. The estimated value of farm products 
used in the home was $311 per farm. The range in the man- 
labor requirements for hay on 8 farms in 1930 was from 4.5 man 
hours to 25.7 hours per acre. The range in horse labor was from 
4.3 hours to 22.1 hours per acre. The average was 13.5 man 
hours and 9.4 horse hours per acre. The man labor ranged from 
4.0 hours to 16.0 hours per ton, and the horse labor from 3.0 
hours to 1O.1 hours per ton. The average labor required. per ton 
was 7.9 man hours and 5.5 horse hours. The variations between 
farms were due to differences in the size and shape of the fields, 
in the soil and topography, in yields, in equipment, and in the 
efficiency of management. 


Studies in Connection with the Providence Milk Supply. Drastic 
changes in the sources of the Providence milk supply have oc- 
curred during the year. In response to the need for some factual 
evidence on the shipped-in supply of milk, data were gathered 
showing that approximately 7,500,000 quarts were shipped into 
the city in 1929. Vermont was the source of about 85 per cent 
of this volume. It is expected that this study will be continued 
and enlarged to show the trend of shipped-in milk supplies and 
the changes in quantity received during different seasons of the 
year. 


Recent ordinances requiring milk to meet certain tempera- 
tures when received at Providence milk plants raised the ques- 
tion of the most economical methods of cooling milk on farms 
(Rhode Island Bulletin 223). Eleven farms using electrical equip- 
ment with “dry” cold-chambers showed an average cost of cool- 
ing of 14% cents per 100 pounds of milk, while 19 farms with 
“wet” cold-chambers showed an average cost of 12 2/3 cents 
per 100 pounds of milk. Among the 19 farms with wet tanks 
the costs varied from 3 1/3 cents to 37 2/3 cents for each 100 pounds 
of milk produced. The most important factor in this variation 


in cost was the volume of milk to be cooled. On 24 farms where 


REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 31 


ice was purchased and delivered to the farm the average cost 
of ice was 42 cents for 100 pounds. An average of 22 pounds was 
used to cool each 100 pounds of milk produced. Under these con- 
ditions the total cost of cooling was about 10 cents for 100 
pounds of milk. 


Container Studies with Apples. The increasing quantities of the 
easily bruised McIntosh apple coming into New England mar- 
kets have made the container question more acute. Apples simi- 
lar in variety, grade, and size were packed in four kinds of con- 
tainers: (1) Round-bottom bushel baskets; (2) tub bushel 
baskets; (3) Boston boxes, and (4) Northwest boxes. The pack- 
ages were placed in cold storage and examined at periods 
throughout the storage season. There was more bruising in the 
round-bottom baskets than in the other containers. Wrapping 
apples reduced the amount of stem puncture, which is often 
associated with rot. There was an appreciable difference between 
the weights of the fruit in the different containers. The North- 
west box held less fruit than the others. In the New York market 
fruit packed in the Northwest box sold for a premium over 
that in the other containers, although the fruit was as nearly 
identical as commercial conditions would allow. 


Agronomy 
(Experiments with field crops, market-garden crops, and 
grasses for lawns and golf courses) 


The past season was characterized by several very dry periods 
which had a marked influence on some of the crops grown. In 
several instances results obtained in certain experiments were 
rather inconsistent with the average of previous years due to the 
dry weather. For most crops, however, there was sufficient mois- 
ture and satisfactory yields were obtained. 


Organic Matter for the Soi. A number of experiments at the 
station have for their object the determination of the amount of 
organic matter necessary for vegetable growing. In one experi- 
ment an annual application of 10 cords of manure is compared 
with green manure and chemicals. A rye cover crop is plowed 
in on the green manure-chemicals plat while it is cut and re- 
moved on the manure plat. 


32 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


This year Greater Baltimore tomatoes were grown on these 
plats. The green manure-chemicals plat vielded about 25 per 
cent more of No. 1 tomatoes than the stable-manure plat. The 
crop also was considerably earlier on the green-manure plat. 


In the 3-year rotation where the first crops are beets, spinach, 
and peppers, the beets yielded as well with 16 tons of manure where 
a green manure had been plowed in once during the round of 
the rotation, as with 32 tons of manure-compost, the fertilizer be- 
ing the same. Spinach and peppers did not yield as well with 
the 16 tons as with the 32 tons. Reducing the nitrogen to one 
half of the standard reduced the yield of spinach but not the 
yield of either beets or peppers. Reducing the phosphorus low- 
ered the yield of peppers but not of beets or spinach. The yield 
of late carrots in this rotation was reduced where the nitrogen 
was decreased by 50 per cent. 


In another 3-year rotation the plats where 8 tons of manure- 
compost and green manure were applied outyielded plats re- 
ceiving 20 tons of manure-compost without green manure. In 
each case the fertilizer applied was approximately 1,500 pounds 
of a 5-12-4. The yield of early cabbage was as large with 1,500 
pounds of an 8-6-6 fertilizer as with either 8 tons of manure or 
with a green-manure crop and a like fertilizer. Reducing the 
nitrogen by 50 per cent lessened the yield by fully 100 barrels 
per acre but a reduction of phosphorus did not reduce the yield. 
The fertilizer for celery consisted of 1,500 pounds per acre of a 
6-8-6. Where manure was used the yields were better than where 
green manures had been plowed in. Twenty tons of manure-com- 
post produced as high yields as 28 tons of this material when 
used with the same amount of commercial fertilizer. Applying 
all the fertilizer when the plants were set in the field was as 
effective as applying part of the nitrogen during the growing 
season in side-dressings for the celery. 


Efficiency of Fertilizers and Manures. On the various field-crop 
rotations in which no stable manure is used, rye was grown this 
year following the potato crop of 1929. The yields varied from 
14.7 to 33.7 bushels per acre. A yield of 19.7 bushels per acre 
was obtained where no nitrogen is used in the fertilizer. On this 
plat 500 pounds per acre of a fertilizer analyzing approximately 


REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 33 


0-8-8 was used. When the same amount of a 2-8-8 was used the 
yield was 23.4 bushels per acre and where the high nitrogen 
4-8-8 fertilizer was applied the yield obtained was 34.6 bushels. 
Clover and grass is seeded with the rye for the two following 
years of the rotation. Better stands of clover were obtained on 
the no and medium-nitrogen plats than on the plat receiving the 
high nitrogen. The rye crop on the other plats responded with 
higher yields when the phosphorus was increased but not tô in- 
creased potash. In another set of plats the yield of rye was re- 
duced from 19.2 bushels per acre to 14.7 bushels when the 
amount of a 2-8-8 fertilizer was reduced from 500 to 316 pounds 
per acre. The yield was increased to 23.9 bushels when the 
amount of fertilizer was increased to 667 pounds per acre. 


Bulletin No. 224, published in August, 1930, summarizes the 
results obtained in the field crop-rotation experiments up to this 
year. 


Beets did not respond to manganese applications on neutralized 
soil as much as in previous years. Spinach showed the effects of 
lack of manganese under those conditions but not as much as in 
more normal years. 


Plant Differences and Needs. Seven varieties of sweet corn were 
grown crosswise of the plats of the winter legume experiment. 
Golden Gem, a variety bred at the North Dakota station, was 
the earliest of these strains. Spanish Gold, bred at the Connecti- 
cut station, was about 3 or 4 days later but had a considerably 
larger ear. The others in order of maturity were Gills Golden 
Market, Golden Age, Harris’ Extra Early Bantam, Golden Sun- 
shine, and Whipple's Yellow. Spanish Gold produced the largest 
number of ears per acre. The ears were of medium size, 
Whipple's Yellow produced the largest ears but the fewest in 
number. The Golden Gem, although early, has an ear that is too 
small to be in the best market demand. 


“In the potato seed-source test there were 60 different lots of 
seed included this year. These were obtained from potato grow- 
ers throughout the state. The results obtained this year were: 


34 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


Average yields 


per acre 

Bushels 
Cobblers Northern-grown 398 
œ ] year home-grown 366 
E 2 years home-grown 203 
Green Mountain Northern-grown 367 
A T" L year home-grown 289 
is T 2 years home-grown 270 


The past season proved to be very favorable for potatoes at 
the station and excellent yields were obtained on all plats where 
northern-grown seed and the proper fertilizer were used. 


Paper mulch was compared with ordinary cultivation on toma- 
toes, sweet corn, and peppers. All three crops yielded more and 
were earlier where the paper mulch was used. The results were 
not as marked, however, as they were in 1929. 


In the plant breeding nursery another generation of selfed ` 
seed of alfalfa was grown. There are about 45 different selfed 
strains being grown. Selections of head lettuce and eggplants 
have also been made for the purpose of plant breeding studies. 


In the market-garden rotations where different rations of 
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash in the fertilizer are compared 
it was found that the crops responded as follows: 


To nitrogen: Late beets, late spinach, late carrots, and 
early cabbage. 

To phosphorus: Tomatoes. 

To potash: Late spinach, late beets, and late celery. 


The crops above are listed in the order in which they were 
reduced in yields by either reducing or omitting the element 
named. 


In the same market-garden rotations all the fertilizer was ap- 
plied at planting time on some plats while on others some of 
the nitrogen was withheld at planting time and applied later as 
side-dressings. The results obtained were as follows: ! 


In favor of all fertilizer in one application: Late celery. 

In favor of part of nitrogen as side-dressings: Early lettuce. 

No appreciable difference: Cabbage, tomatoes, late beets, and 
| spinach. 


REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 35 


Increasing the standard fertilizer application by 75 per cent, 
the standard application being 1,500 pounds per acre, increased 
the yields of head lettuce, celery, beets, tomatoes, and spinach, 
but not of cabbage. The increases were sufficient to make the 
extra investment in fertilizer a paying proposition. Increasing 
the amount to 150 per cent did not produce further increases in 
yield but in several cases resulted in less yields. 


Potatoes, onions, carrots, mangels, and tomatoes were grown 
on the plats where different potash carriers are compared. Kainit 
and muriate produced better yields of carrots, mangels, and 
tomatoes than did sulphate of potash or double manure salt. The 
kind of carrier did not affect the onion yields. Muriate and sul- 
phate produced about equal yields of potatoes and were both 
superior to kainit and double manure salt. 


On the project where the influence of previous crops on a 
succeeding uniform crop is studied the following crops were 
grown as the uniform treatment: Potatoes, corn, mangels, and 
turnips. The yields of potatoes were the best following oats, 
rye, squash, and redtop, and the poorest following cabbage and 
millet. The highest yields of mangels were produced following 
potatoes and squash while the poorest results were obtained fol- 
lowing a previous crop of mangels. Turnips yielded highest fol- 
lowing redtop and least succeeding a previous crop of turnips. 
The differences in yields of corn were not large from the differ- 
ent plats although this crop seemed to do less well succeeding 
itself than following any other crop. 


Modification of Sour Soil. The ornamental shrubs, which are be- 
ing grown on the plats where nitrate of soda and sulphate of 
ammonia are being compared on two different acidity levels, 
withstood the winter well and further data on their growth were 
obtained. Several species continue to show a marked response to 
liming. The pH of the plats receiving sulphate of ammonia is 
kept approximately the same as that of the nitrate of soda plats 
by using additional lime. 

Lawn Grass Experiments. Further data on the effect of soil re- 


action on the growth of different lawn grasses were obtained. 
lhe plats having the alkaline reaction made the most vigorous 


36 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


growth especially in the early part of the season but continue 
to have many more weeds than the acid plats. Kentucky blue- 
grass is benefited by liming after the soil reaches a pH of 4.5 
to 5.0. 


Seed Production of Bent Grasses. Seed was harvested from all 
the different strains included in this test which were planted 
either in 1928 or 1929. Some of the bent grasses are much more 
prolific seed producers than others. One or two of the velvet 
bents seem especially promising both for turf and for seed pro- 
duction. A number of selfed strains of the bent grasses are be- 
ing propagated in order to study the amount of natural cross- 
ing taking place and also the inheritance of certain characters. 
Plats grown from open pollinated seed are also compared with 
the original plats where the seed was grown and with plats 
planted with selfed seed. 


Fertilizer Needs of Rhode Island Bent. A seed crop of Rhode 
Island bent was again harvested from these plats. As was the 
case the previous year, the best results were obtained with fer- 
tilizers having a high-nitrogen content. 


Animal Breeding and Pathology 
(Experiments with Poultry) 


Internal Disinfectants. Further tests have been conducted this 
year on the use of certain chemicals as internal disinfectants. 
Shigella gallinarum (fowl typhoid organism) was used as the in- 
fecting agent instead of Salmonella pullorum which has been used 
in previous work. Baby chicks were inoculated and the com- 
pounds metaphin and poly-comp were used in various dilutions 
as disinfectants. The former, metaphin, has the chemical form- 
ula: 4-nitro-3, 5-bisacetoxymercuric-2-cresol. Poly-comp is a 
Jensen-Salsbery Laboratories preparation containing: Guaiacol, 
l % per cent; creosote 5 per cent; methyl phenol-13, % per cent; 
oil of eucalyptus 5 per cent; oil of camphor Japanese 45 per cent, 
in a saponaceous base. The results indicate that these disin- 
fectants are of doubtful benefit in the control of fowl typhoid in 
baby chicks. 


REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 37 


Pullorum Disease. During the year 1929-30 considerable work 
has been carried on with regard to the ability of Salmonella pullorum 
to grow in various synthetic media. Experiments have been 
made particularly with the ability of the organism to utilize 
uric acid as a source of nitrogen. To date nothing of a definite 
nature can be reported. Studies were also made on the ability 
to utilize citric acid as a sole source of carbon. The results indi- 
cate that the majority of the Salmonella pullorum strains are able 
to attack citric acid. 


Experiments are being conducted on the resistance of Salmonella 
pullorum to chlorine in the presence of egg albumen. An immediate 
practical application arising from these experiments is seen when 
it is noted that egg shells from factories where great quantities 
of eggs are used, are being fed to poultry as a source of nutrient 
lime. There is evidence that pullorum disease has been trans- 
mitted to healthy flocks by means of these shells and therefore 
some practical means of quick disinfecting may be of value. 


Fowl Pox. Progress has been made in the study of vaccines. Fowl 
pox viruses are being tested for deterioration due to storage 
conditions, age, heat, light, and oxidation. Work is also in 
progress on the attenuation of virus by heat and by chemicals. 
This experiment is now in its seventh month and two viruses 
have succumbed. One was preserved in phenol solution and the 
other was heated to 60? C. for 30 minutes. 


Vaccination has been completed in connection with the study 
of the duration of immunity conferred, effect of age upon extent 
of immunity and relative susceptibility of some of the leading 
breeds. Periodical observations will be taken to secure data on 
the above points. 


Coccidiosis. During the year 1929-30 an experiment was begun 
on the longevity of coccidia in soils of different types. Soils were 
successfully contaminated and should furnish information on 
this point during the coming year. Work is projected with re- 
“sorcinol compounds as therapeutic agents. | 


38 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


Chemistry 


Soil Nitrate Nitrogen and Vegetable Crops. The growth season 
of garden beets was divided into three equal periods, and 17 
different combinations of low (10 p. p. m.), medium (25 p. p. m.), 
and high (50 p. p. m.) levels of soil nitrate nitrogen compared 
for the different periods. The beets were grown in cylinders and 
the desired levels maintained by biweekly analysis of the soil and 
replacement of nitrate losses by applications of nitrate of soda 
in solution. The best yield of salable roots resulted from a level 
of 50 p. p. m. of nitrate nitrogen during the first two periods and 
10 p. p. m. for the last period. Reduction of the level for the 
middle period to 25 p. p. m. approximated the normal course of 
nitrate removal from a single application of nitrogen at planting 
time and produced a very satisfactory yield. Low yields resulted 
when nitrates were low during the first period. Spinach, treated 
similarly except that the growth was divided into but two 
periods, gave the best yields when the high level (50 p.p.m.) was 
maintained continuously for both periods. 


These results advocate higher levels than were previously con- 
sidered necessary but were borne out by results from field plats. 
An average concentration of 40 p. p. m. of nitrate nitrogen gave 
a crop of 529.8 bushels of late beets while 23 p. p. m. for the 
first half of the growth period and 6 for the last reduced the 
yield to 388 bushels. For fall spinach, an average of 60 p. p. m. 
throughout the growth period produced a yield of 2547.5 bushels 
while 27 p. p. m. gave but 1980 bushels. 


During the dry season of 1930, a single application of soluble 
nitrogen at planting time maintained somewhat higher soil- 
nitrate levels during the critical growth periods of lettuce, toma- 
toes, cabbage, celery, beets, spinach, and onions than did frac- 
tional applications supplying equal total quantities of nitrogen. 
The differences in yields were insignificant. 


Nitrates in Plant Juices. An attempt to control the concentration 
of nitrate nitrogen in the juice of the midrib-free portions of 
beet leaves growing in sand on greenhouse benches during the 
winter proved successful for the rather wide limits allowed. 
After the plants were 3 inches high, three comparative treat- 


REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 39 


ments in duplicate were maintained between the limits of 0-150, 
150-300, and above 300 p. p. m. of nitrate nitrogen until the high 
nitrogen crops were well grown. Nitrate of soda applications 
were made in solution on the basis of both plant and sand 
analysis at frequent intervals. With increasing day length and 
rapid metabolism in the large leaves of the maturing crop in 
the spring, the 300 p. p. m. concentration could not be main- 
tained. The yields of roots for the levels mentioned above were 
2.5 pounds, 16.4 pounds, and 19.1 pounds respectively. 


During the summer two successive crops of beets were grown 
in 1/1000-acre soil areas in the field. Three levels of nitrate nitro- 
gen, 10, 25, 50 p. p. m. were maintained in the soil by biweekly 
analyses and subsequent applications of nitrate of soda in solu- 
tion. Nitrate, ammonia, amide, and alpha-amino nitrogen frac- 
tions were determined each week in the juice expressed from 
the midrib-free portions of leaves. The nitrate fraction has corre- 
lated closely with the nitrates in the soil but the differences for 
the three treatments were not great. Fluctuations in nitrates 
caused by changing rates of metabolism were very wide despite 
the control of soil levels. The concentrations varied from traces 
to 300 p. p. m. of nitrate nitrogen, but were usually less than 
150 p. p. m. 


Ammonia and amide nitrogen fluctuated less than did the 
nitrate fraction, but the different treatments had little effect on 
these forms of nitrogen. Concentrations of amide nitrogen varied 
from 10 to 190 p. p. m. but were usually less than 100 p. p. m. 
The ammonia-nitrogen fraction approximated 40 p. p. m. Alpha- 
amino nitrogen fluctuated more widely than nitrate nitrogen, 
100 p. p. m. to 600 p. p. m., but showed a tendency to correlate 
with the different treatments. 


The yield of roots for the 10 p. p. m., 25 p. p. m., and 50 
p. p. m. levels were 17.8 pounds, 25.4 pounds, and 25.7 pounds 
respectively, for the early crop and 12.1 pounds, 14.3 pounds, and 
15.8 pounds for the late crop. The latter did not mature before 
frosts. Gi 


Small beet leaves were found to contain higher concentrations 
of nitrate nitrogen than larger leaves, probably because of the 


: 40 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


greater proportion of conducting tissue, chiefly midrib, to the 
total weight, and to the fact that nitrates in the juice from the 
midrib are more concentrated than in the remainder of the leaf. 


Acid-base Balance of Plant Ash. A simple method for determin- 
ing the acid-base balance of the non-silicious portion of plant 
ash including the sulphur and chlorine often lost in ashing was 
devised, and 90 samples representing a number of different crop 
species were analyzed. All samples showed an excess of alkaline 
elements. Season and fertilization affect the balance for in- 
dividual plant species, but crops from a moderately fertile soil 
(ph 5.5) suggest the following grouping: Low alkalinity, corn, 
oats, rye, timothy, redtop, potatoes ; medium alkalinity, millet, alsike, 
red clover, cabbage, rutabagas ; high alkalinity, buckwheat, mangels. 
There was a tendency, not without notable exceptions, for in- 
creased alkalinity from increased nitrogen fertilization. In- 
creased superphospate decreased the alkalinity of the ash from 
rape grown at two levels of pH (5.2 and 6.5) but did not affect 
the ash of oats grown on the same soils. There was no signifi- 
cant correlation with pH for either crop. 


Phosphate, Absorption by Soils. More thorough study of the re- 
moval of phosphate from buffer solutions of potassium dihy- 
drogen phosphate-sodium acetate by soils confirmed the conclu- 
sions of last year that normal phosphate fertilization during a 
period of 35 years has not reduced the power of phosphate ab- 
sorption significantly. This was irrespective of the carrier used, 
superphosphate, bone, floats, slag, or triple superphosphate. A 
high rate of liming, sufficient to change the acidity from pH 5.6 
“to 7.5 within the same period has reduced the power of absorp- 
tion. Phosphate was absorbed from the buffer solutions when 
adjusted to pH 5, 6, and 7, but was given up by the soil at pH 
values of 2 and greater than 10. 


Feed and Fertilizer Controls. Four hundred samples of feeds and 
fertilizers taken from stocks sold in the state were analyzed to 
show compliance of manufacturers with the state law. Publica- 
tions containing tabulations of the results and displaying promi- 
_nently the more flagrant failures to meet guarantees have been 
_placed in the hands of farmers in the state. 


REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 41 


Home Economics 


Use of Time by Rural Rhode Island Homemakers. During the 
past year this project which had been carried on for several pre- 
ceding years has been completed. Bulletin 221 entitled, “Time 
factors in the business of homemaking in rural Rhode Island," 
shows results which in many cases are strikingly similar to those 
found by workers on the same project in several states in dif- 
ferent sections of the country. The Rhode Island homemaker 
spends an average of 1 hour and 5 minutes a week more in house 
work than the homemakers in Montana,* Oregon, and Washing- 
ton. This small difference may be partly accounted for by the 
fact that she does very little farm work while the women of the 
three other states reported an average of 10 hours or more a 
week in such work. 


The Rural Homemaker in Washington County and Frequency of 
Paid Work. Another interesting comparison appears in the rela- 
tively large amount of time spent by the Rhode Island home- 
maker in some kind of work for financial gain. Further study of 
this last fact is being made and some very interesting data have 
already been collected concerning the homemaker who does 
work which adds to the family income. One of the outstanding 
points of interest in the study thus far is the wide variety of 
ways by which women in villages or even in quite isolated loca- 
tions have been able to earn money. The large number of sum- 
mer resorts in Washington County offers to many women oppor- 
tunities for. paid services in laundering and other cleaning; 
housework of all kinds; the opening and closing of summer 
houses, and the sale of cooked foods. Wayside stands, rooms and 
camps for tourists as well as lunch and tea rooms provide an 
opportunity for many homemakers to earn money without leav- 
ing home. Among the 78 different ways listed by 388 wage- 
earning homemakers already visited are found the following: 
Employment bureau, real-estate agency, retouching plates sent 
from a large photographic business in a Connecticut city, board- 
ing dogs, renting boats and selling bait, sewing fish lines on 


*From the thesis submitted by Blanche M, Kuschke toward the degree of M.S. in Mon- 


tana State College, 1930, “A study of the factors that may affect leisure time of rural 
homemakers in Montana.” 


42 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


cards for a factory, running a riding academy, raising turkeys, 
and acting as census taker and reporter. One. has a large in- 
terior decoration business, another is an author, and many are 


teachers, librarians, nurses, clerks, stenographers, telephone or 
telegraph operators, or mill workers. The large numbers of tour- 
ists also provide opportunities for sale of many home-craft 
products such as woven, braided or hooked rugs, hand-colored 
cards, and fancy work. 

Potash Fertilizer as Related to Mealiness in Potatoes. The study 
of the effect of variations of potash fertilizer on the mealiness. 
of potatoes when prepared for table use was completed. A sum- 
mary of results was published in an article in the October issue 
of the American Potato Journal. From this work it appears that 
potatoes are more mealy when fertilized with a high than a low 
quantity of potash. The percentage of starch in the potato does. 
not seem to determine its mealiness when cooked. 

Household Equipment Study. A project is under way to find the 
dimensions which determine the efficiency of pouring utensils. 
A large variety of articles has been loaned by manufacturers of 
china, glass, aluminum, and other metal utensils. These are be- 
ing tested for their rate of emptying without spilling, their 
completeness of emptying, and their freedom from liquid run- 
ning down the outside. A machine for controlling the pouring 
has been constructed in cooperation with the engineering de- 
partment of the college and tests are being made with water 
and oils and syrups of tested viscosity and surface tension. 

Influence of Fertilizer Treatment on the Vitamin Content of | 
Spinach. The Department of Biological Chemistry of the Pennsyl- 
vania State College reports that the results of the joint project 
are not yet definite enough for much positive statement. Samples. 
of spinach grown at the Rhode Island experiment station with 
variations in the amount of phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, and 
manganese have been dried and shipped to Pennsylvania for 
feeding to rats to test their vitamin A content. The only posi- 
tive result up to the present is the fact that the chlorotic spinach 
produced by the low manganese plats shows less vitamin A than 
normal spinach.* 


* Forty-third Annual Report of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station, 
Bulletin No. 258, p. 8. 


REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 43 


Plant Physiology 
(Glasshouse Experiments) 


Acid Soils. Three crops thought to be sensitive to acid-soil con- 
ditions were grown in pot cultures of 16 soils secured from dif- 
ferent parts of the country. Lettuce proved to be too sensitive 
as practically no growth took place on the more acid soils. 
Sorghum was not sensitive enough, giving no outstanding differ- 
ences on soils of known hydrogen-ion variation. Barley was 
chosen as being best adapted to the study. 


The hydrogen-ion, lime requirements, and "active" aluminum 
content of the soils were determined. 


The dry-weight yields of barley were found to correlate better 
with the "active" aluminum content of the soils than with acid- 
ity. 

Solution cultures of Cos lettuce seedlings grown in a pH range 
of 3.2 to 7.5 showed no appreciable difference in dry-weight 
yields while cultures to which aluminum sulphate had been added 
were much depressed in yield. 


From these studies further evidence has resulted to indicate 
that in soil and solution cultures "active" aluminum has a greater 
inhibitory effect on the growth of lettuce and barley plants than 
acidity. 


Indicator Crops. A study of a number of plants has been com- 
menced in an attempt to discover indicators of nutrient deficien- 
cies. A soil of known nutrient deficiency was used and to it dif- 
ferent combinations were added in the form of soluble salts. 
The plants were grown in small pots, each culture being in 
quadruplicate. They were harvested as soon as definite growth 
differences were noted and the dry weights determined. Macom- 
ber turnips have proven to be very sensitive to lack of phos- 
phorus while buckwheat best indicates nitrogen deficiency. 


No plant has been found as yet which is selective as to potash 
deficiency and yet can be grown under the conditions of the test. 
Pure lime strains of corn when grown in this test through the 
seedling stage responded to nitrogen alone, contrary to former 


44 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE, 


data which showed that the yield of grain is very responsive to 
potash fertilization. | 


“Winter Tomato Culture. The crop of Carter's Early Sunrise toma- 
toes which was grown during the winter of 1929-30 yielded from 
3 to 9 pounds per plant. 


Soil-nitrate levels were maintained as close to 50 p. p. m. of 
nitrate nitrogen as possible by frequent soil sampling and labora- 
tory tests. This level seems to be too high for the best yield of 
fruit. 


If a difference of 20 per cent in yield be considered significant 
the various sources of organic matter used in this experiment 
had no significant effect on yield with this particular crop. 


Winter Gladiolus Culture. California-grown stock flowered for the 
Christmas trade. Stock grown in Connecticut was planted only 
15 days later than the California stock and did not flower until 
April, showing the necessity of allowing ample time to elapse 
for the after ripening of the corms before planting. | 

A spring planting made on March 1, 1930, bloomed in May 
and gave high percentages of bloom. 


 Pomology 


(Experiments with small fruits) 


Fertilizer Experiments with Brambles and Grapes. On the red 
raspberry plats the omission of potash still continues to give 
outstanding reductions in yield and growth of plants while the 
results from plats where nitrogen or phosphoric acid have been 
omitted varied but little from the complete fertilizer plats. 


As in the previous years of this experiment blackberries were 
damaged quite seriously by freezing-back. Even on the hardier 
varieties such as Snyder, El Dorado, and Mersereau, the yields 
were too small to be of significance due to the freezing-back 
of cane growth. 

No definite conclusion connected with deficiencies in plant food 


can be drawn as yet from a yield of grapes in this experiment. 
The vegetative growth, however, seems to be less vigorous 


REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION, 45 


where potash has been withheld. Here again the freezing-back 
of the vines each winter makes it doubtful whether growth dif- 
ferences are true indications of response to fertilizer treatments. 


Graftage Congeniality of Grapes. In connection with this project 
it has seemed necessary to determine the relative hardiness of 
the varieties in the test to the Rhode Island Coastal Plain con- 
ditions. Of the 40 varieties of vinifera obtained from American 
sources not more than 10 are likely to prove satisfactory. There 
are indications that the varieties imported from Germany are 
likely to be more successful. 


Attention is being focused on the methods of culture of those 
varieties of vinifera which are proving hardy. Some data have 
been secured pointing to the need of high applications of stable 
manure in order to secure good growth. 


Preliminary grafts with cions grown in California, on Con- 
cord, Clinton and Beta stock have given excellent unions. These 
grafts have given better growth than the same California 
varieties grown at this station. 


Blackberry Breeding Experiments, Plants were grown from seeds 
secured by cross-pollination in 1929. Two plants have been 
selected from crosses between thorny and thornless parents 
which appear to have inherited the thornless character. If these 
on further development should prove to have other desirable 
characteristics one objective may have been attained, namely, a 
hardy thornless blackberry of good size and quality. 


During the summer of 1930 further crosses were made and 
seeds secured. 


Survey of Orcharding. Bulletin No. 226 gives the results of a 
survey of orcharding practices as found during the years 1925-27. 
The history of apple growing in Rhode Island is also discussed. 


From the survey it would seem that marketing direct to com- 
sumers should be given more consideration, especially from the 
standpoint of varieties which will satisfy the demands of dis- 
criminating buyers. Nearly 125 different varieties were met with 
in the surveys or listed by premium lists of Rhode Island fairs 


46 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


and fruit shows. Many of these are of no practical value and 
the trend of commercial growers is toward fewer varieties and 
larger orchards. 


Weather 


On March 1, 1930, the resignation of Nathaniel A. Helme as 
Meteorologist was reluctantly accepted. Mr. Helme had given 
continuous service in the taking of weather records for more 
than 40 years during which period he was a member of the 
station staff for 37 years. Such length of faithful service is surely 
deserving of more than passing notice. 


Table 1 gives the average temperature and average total rain- 
fall for five-day periods computed from the entire 40 years of 
Mr. Helme's records. 


REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 


AVERAGE TEMPERATURE AND AVERAGE TOTAL RAINFALL BY 5-DAY PERIODS FROM 


TABLE 1 


JANUARY 1, 1890 TO DECEMBER 31, 1929 


Average Average 


PERIOD temper- total 
ature rainfall 
é Inches 
VEL DUE 1. atuem 27.5 0.81 
Jan. Gan. 10. iio E 27.6 TO 
JMLG ESP ROS soros cs: 26.7 .96 
Jan. 16-Jan. 20......... 21.1 .80 
Jan, 21-Jan, 20.......:. 29.0 .90 
Jan. 26-Jan. 30......... 25.6 By 
Jam Sl-Feb. A. oie dee 25.5 .67 
Fab. PUTO D..icccresvi 25.4 .82 
Feb. 10-Féb. 16, . sucos. 25.4 .68 
Feb. 15-Feb..19......... 26.9 .69 
Feb. 20-Fob. 24......... 28.2 Kid 
Feb. 25-March 1........ 29.1 99 
March 2-March 6....... 30.7 .66 
March 7-March 11...... 33.0 .96 
March 12-March 16..... 34.'7 .87 
March 17-March 21..... 34.7 Sr, 
March 23. March 26..... 38.8 .64 
March 27-March 31..... 39.2 .66 
April LADO $.......... 40.1 .79 
April 6-April 10......... 42.2 .96 
April 11-April 15........ 43.4 .82 
April 16-April 20........ 44.9 Ka 
April 21-April 25........ 47.8 .63 
April 26-April 30........ 48.6 .84 
May 1-May 5.......... 50.3 .67 
May 6-May 10......... 52.9 .63 
May 11-May 15........ 54.1 .65 
May 16-May 20........ 55.4 .59 
May 21-May 25........ 56.1 KC) 
May 26-May 30........ 58.0 .63 
May 31-June 4......... 60.8 .96 
June 5-June 9.......... 60.7 .76 
June 10-June 14........ 62.2 .67 
June 15-June 19........ 63.2 .54 
June 20-June 24........ 65.4 .52 
June 25-June 29........ 66.6 .46 
June 30-July 4.......... 67.2 .62 


47 


Average Average 


PERIOD temper- 
ature 
oF. 

July GPUS MN be a 68.4 
July 10-July 14......... 69.7 
July 15-July 19......... 70.0 
July 20-July 24......... 69.3. 
July 25-July 29......... 69.0 
July 30-Aug. 8.......... 68.6 
Fo L L AR SEENEN 69.3 
Aug. 9-Aug. 18......... 69.4 
Aug. 14-Aug. 18........ 67.8 
Aug. 19-Aug. 28........ 66.6 
Aug. 24-Aug. 28........ 66.4 
Aug. 29-.G8epnt. 2. css. 65.4 
Sept. 3-Sept. 7.......... 65.2 
Sept. 8-Sept. 12......... 63.4 
Sept. 13-Sept. 17........ 61.9 
Sept. 18-Sept. 22........ 60.8 
Sept. 23-Sept. 27........ 58.7 
Sept. Së ek, 2......... 56.4 
ON TROLLEY EE A 56.1 
(Jet, "Ze A a EC bn ee 
Oc. EN ER, e 52.6 
Ke e: Te An. A 50.3 
Cet. 235-000 ST. ics svc 45.9 
8. Zë T x on a 46.5 
Nov. 2-Nov. 6.......... 44.5 
Nov. T-Nov, 11......... 42.5 
Nov. 12-Nov. 16..,..... 41.1 
Nov. I7-Nov. Sl.. .o ras 39.8 
Nov. 22-Nov. 26........ 37.9 
Nov. 27-Dec. 1......... 86.1 
Dus 2S RI AK E 32.8 
LN. Zeches EE, Eer deg 31.1 
Dec. 12-Dec. 16......... 30.7 
A A 29.6 
Doc. 22-Dee. 20 ......... 29.7 
DO SEDE Dio es 27.9 


total 
rainfall 


Inches 


Ag RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


In order to assure continuity of records a meteorological sta- 
tion has been established in cooperation with the U. S. Weather 
Bureau on the plain farm with William J. Champlin in charge. 


The latest frost in the spring of 1930 took place on the plain 
on May 31 with a temperature of 30? F.* Tomatoes were severe- 
ly damaged while potatoes were slightly frosted. October 19 
the first fall frost was recorded and soybeans, peppers, dahlias, 
and beets were damaged. A killing frost took place on October 
21 with a temperature of 18? F. 


During the growing season of 1930, the greatest departure 
from normal climatic conditions was noted with rainfall. The de- 
partures month by month were as follows: 


Inches below 


normal 
April, 3.01 
May, 0.63 
June, 0.83 
July, | 0.12 
August, 1.82 
September, 2.11 
October, 1.26 


Late crops on the plain farm suffered appreciably due to the 
low moisture conditions. Second cuttings of alfalfa and hay were 
reduced in yield from normal as much as 50 per cent. Fall turnips 
were a complete failure and late cabbage produced about one- 
third of a normal crop. On the market-garden area the yield of 


carrots was reduced from 20 to 25 per cent by the dry soil con- 
ditions. 


Publications 


Forty-second annual report of the station. Bul. of Rhode 
Island State College 25: 63-79. 


Transmission of pullorum disease from chick to chick, Poul- 
try Science 9: 176-183. 


Report on nitrogen activity methods in fertilizers. Determina- 
tion of active water-insoluble nitrogen by the alkaline perman- 


ganate method. Jour. Assoc. Off. Agr. Chem. 13: 215-219. 


* Climatological Data, New England Section, of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Weather 
ureau. 


REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 40 


The chemical diagnosis of nitrogen starvation in growing 
crops. Pub. of N. E. Chem. Teachers’ Assoc. 13: 72-74. 


The adaptation of the Benedict-Denis method to the determi- 
nation of sulfur in plants. Jour. Biol. Chem. 86: 285-289. 

Estimation of nitrate nitrogen in plant Juices: A study of 
the expression and clarification of the juice. Plant Physiology 
5: 359-371. 


The effect of chemicals in the control of poultry disease: III. 
The use of metaphen as an internal disinfectant. Poultry Science 
9: 371-376. 


Inspection of feeds. Annual Feed Circular, May, 1930, 12 p. 

Costs of cooling milk on farms. R. I. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 223, 
13 p. 

The clarification of plant juices: Nitrate concentration in large 


and small leaves. Science 72: 634-635. 


A method for the estimation of the acid-base balance in the 
ash of plants. Jour. Biol. Chem. 88: 675-681. 


lhe relation between mealiness in potatoes and the amount 
of potash in the fertilizer. Amer. Potato Jour. 7: 275-283. 


Fertilizer and crop rotation experiments. R. I. Agr. Expt. Sta. 
Bul. 224, 42 p. 


Inspection of fertilizers. Annual Fertilizer Circular, Septem- 
ber, 1930, 17 p. 

lhe amount of manure necessary for vegetable growing Il. 
KL Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 225, 31 'p. 


Some phases of apple growing in Rhode Island. R. I. Agr. 
Expt, Sta, Bul. 226, 36 p. 


Respectfully submitted, 


BASIL E. GILBERT, 
Director. 


Kingston, R. I. 
January 1, 1931. 


50 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE, 


RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE 
REPORT OF 
THE EXTENSION SERVICE 
1930 


ACTING PRESIDENT JOHN BARLOW: 
SIR: 


I am herewith submitting my annual report as Director of the 
Extension Service as conducted cooperatively with the United 


States Department of Agriculture and County Farm Bureaus. 
This report records the achievements for the 29th year of Agri- 
cultural Extension Work in Rhode Island as by law required. 


A. ADMINISTRATION. 


Organization. 


The Extension Service is in cooperation with the United States 
Department of Agriculture and the three Rhode Island Farm 
Bureaus organized to conduct a state wide educational service 
with men, women, and children in agriculture and home 
economics. The organization, at present is composed of a Direc- 
tor who also acts as State Leader of County Agents and Dean 
of Agriculture in the College, two full-time State Leaders, five 
part-time Specialists, and nine Agents resident in counties, three 
as Agricultural Agents, three as Home Demonstration Agents, 
and three 4-H Boys’ and Girls’ Club Agents. 


Cooperation. 


As in years past there has been the closest cooperation be- 
tween the State Board of Vocational Education, Extension Ser- 
vice, and Farm Bureaus in the conducting of evening schools for 
the discussion of topics related to animal husbandry, fruit, and 
poultry culture. Continued cooperation has been received from 
the State Department of Agriculture in connection, particularly 
with problems related to insect control and forestry. The Direc- 
tor of the Experiment Station and his staff of workers have 


REPORT OF THE EXTENSION SERVICE. 51 


made available much valuable material of an economic nature 
and have assisted materially in the dissemination of informa- 
tion regarding vegetable growing. 


The fourth annual meeting of the New England Institute of 
Cooperation held its sessions at this institution June 18 to 21, 
1930. The general theme of this meeting was farm organization 
and efficient marketing. The attendance was the largest at any 
of the meetings yet held. 


Fair Exhibits. 


The Farm Bureaus have placed excellent exhibits at all of the 
Agricultural Fairs held in the State. Especially interesting was 
the exhibit of boys’ and girls’ club work and of women’s work 
staged at the Pawtuxet Valley Fair. At the fall exhibit of the 
Rhode Island Fruit Growers’ Association a display of fruit was 
staged showing varieties, packages, and by-products. 


Sources of Revenue. 


The income during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, as 
reported to the United States Department of Agriculture, com- 
prised the following items: 


Federal Capper-Ketcham Funds $20,147.57 
Federal Smith-Lever Funds 11,680.24 
State Smith-Lever Funds ( 1,680.24 


United States Department of Agriculture funds allotted to 
Rhode Island 


County Agent Work $2,610.00 

Home Demonstration Work 2,400.00 

Boys’ and Girls’ Club Work 2,140.00 
Equipment. 


The expenditures for new equipment have been used for add- 
ing to the office equipment and has included new bookcases, 
typewriter desks, and a folding machine. The laboratory equip- 
ment of the poultry specialist has been improved by the pur- 
chase of a high power microscope and accessories. 


52 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


Personnel. 


In the year from July 1, 1929, to June 30, 1930, the following 
changes have occurred in the department: 


A. A. Thornton, county agent in the Southern Rhode Island 
Farm Bureau district, resigned, effective July 31, 1929, to enter 
school work. The position thus made vacant was filled by the 
appointment of R. S. Shaw, effective October 15, 1929. 


The greatest number of changes have occurred in the Home 
Demonstration agents. Lillian E. Blanding, home demonstration 
agent in Eastern Rhode Island, resigned September 15, 1929. The ` 
position thus made vacant was filed by the appointment of 
Nettie H. Simmons, on October 15, 1929. 


Nora M. Hott, home demonstration agent in Southern Rhode 
Island, resigned February 22, 1930. The position made vacant 
by Miss Hott’s resignation was not filled until after July 1. 


Publications. 
Two Extension bulletins have been published. 


Bulletin No. 52, Rhode Island 4-H Foods Clubs, 
Margaret Whittemore, August, 1929. 


Bulletin No. 53, Annual Report of Rhode Island State College 
Extension Service, G. E. Adams, June, 1930. 


In addition to the printed material the mimeographed monthly 
service sheets dealing with agronomy, animal husbandry, fruit, 
poultry, and vegetable gardening have been continued. Special 
series of news articles and mimeographed letters have been pre- 
pared in connection with the spray program and the grow 
healthy chicks work. 


News articles have been sent regularly to the agricultural 
papers of the State and much valuable publicity obtained. 


County Agent Work. 

As in years past the poultry project has required the most 
attention on the part of the county agents, they having devoted 
197 days to the project. Increased efficiency on the part of the 
poultrymen is seen as a result of this work. 


LI 


REPORT OF THE EXTENSION SERVICE. 53 


The dairy husbandry work has called for the next largest 
amount of time, 152 days being devoted to this work which in 
addition to advice regarding general subjects of interest to the 
dairymen included organization work in Northern and Southern 
Rhode Island of two dairy herd improvement associations in 
which there are enrolled a total of more than 1,500 animals 
owned by sixty-six dairymen. 


The outstanding piece ofe work under the fruit project was 
the development of the spray service which gave timely advice 
directly to 207 fruit growers who had requested the information 
and to an unknown number who listened to the radio broadcasts 
sent out from the two largest Providence stations. 


Marked progress, although difficult of estimation, was made 
in the agronomy project which had for its main objective an 
increase in acreage of leguminous crops grown for roughage. 


Farm Management survey records were secured on 146 farms. 
This economic data is proving of much value in the develop- 
ment of our extension programs. 


Miscellaneous work has included, as in years past, work with 
the corn borer, European earwig, and rodent control, wood- 
chucks, rats, and orchard mice. 


In the conduct of this work the agents have made a total of 
1,518 farm visits, received 807 office calls, 1,297 telephone calls, 
written 2,490 individual letters, published 175 news articles, all 
of which has required a total of 874 days of which 417% were 
spent in the office and 456% in the field. 


Home Demonstration Work. 


The Home Demonstration work has been somewhat hampered 
during the year by the resignation of two of the county agents. 
Marked progress, however, has been made in the development 
oí the local leader training work. As a result of the increased 
interest stimulated through the local leadership the membership 
in groups has increased from 539 in 1929 to 1,579 this year. 

The second Woman's Camp held at the college had an attend- 
ance of 150. At this camp committees were appointed for the 
development of long time programs in clothing, foods and nutri- 


54 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


tion, and for the study of home conditions. Discussions were 
held with leaders each day of the camp and at the last group 
session of the camp the findings of the committees were reported 
with recommendations of programs to be carried on through 
local leader training schools. 


Boys’ and Girls’ Club Work. 


Club work still continues to show a healthy growth. The en- 
rollment of individuals having increased from 2,590 in 1929 to 
2,862 this year, or an increase of 14 per cent. The improvement 
in work is shown not so much by increase in the individual en- 
rollment which increased only 14 per cent as in the number of 
projects which were completed and fulfilled all of the require- 
ments necessary to obtain an achievement badge. Project com- 
pletions increased 68 per cent during the year. During the past 
years stronger leader training programs have been developed 
through the holding of district and county-wide leader training 
meetings. Town and county achievement days inaugurated for 
the first time this year in each farm bureau district have done 
much to assist in raising the standard of quality in the minds of 
the youth. 


The work with the club members has been strengthened 
through the development of a 4-H honor organization previously 


known as “The Councilors” but now associated with the inter- 
state organization “The 4-H All Stars.” 


The completion of five years of the health project shows a 
steadily increasing enrollment in this project and a completion 
percentage above that of the projects in agriculture and home 
economics. For the past two years more records have been sub- 
mitted in relation to health than in all other work combined. As 
a result of the five years’ work, records show that 8,500 defects 
in posture, nutrition, etc., have been improved as a result of the 
health program. 


"Camp Edwards was again the outstanding event in Club 
Work, for the year, within the State. In addition to the State 
activities 4-H Club members have attended Camp Vail, the inter- 
state 4-H Camp at Springfield, the National 4-H Camp at Wash- 


REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. | 55 


ington, and the National 4-H Congress at Chicago. Club mem- 
bers from Rhode Island have been heard in national radio pro- 
grams on two occasions, the first in the January monthly Na- 
tional Club Hour and the second in one of the national broad- 
casts of the 4-H Club Congress at Chicago. 


Agronomy. 

Agronomy work has been conducted along the line of increas- 
ing the amount of high quality hay grown on Rhode Island 
farms, improvement of pastures, better varieties of corn for 
silage, and a systematic rotation of crops. As the largest single 
expenditure on dairy farms in Rhode Island is that for purchased 
grain, particular emphasis is being placed upon the development 
of a home-grown supply of high protein hay. That this program 
is being accepted by dairymen is shown by the large increase in 
sales of lime and legume seeds reported by dealers in Rhode 
Island. : 


Pasture improvement work shows that under the proper con- 
ditions very profitable results may be obtained from the appli- 
cation of commercial fertilizers to pasture areas. 


The European corn borer still continues as a serious menace 
to the corn growing industry in the State. As a means of reduc- 
ing these injuries, demonstrations with early maturing varieties 
of silage corn have been conducted. The unprecedented drought 
of the past season has in many cases influenced the yields to 
such an extent that no satisfactory records have been obtained. 
The indications are that the earlier maturing varieties will prove 
more saisfactory than many of the long season types now grown. 


Animal Husbandry. 


The better bull campaign has continued to make marked | 
progress. Since its inauguration in 1926, 290 better bulls have 
been placed on dairy farms of the State. This year the place- 
ments have consisted of thirty-two Holsteins, twenty-two Ayr- 
shires, twenty Guernseys, and one Jersey. Better calf raising 
practices have been adopted by twenty-eight dairymen. Reports 
show that 107 dairymen have changed feeding practices during 
the year as a result of recommendations from the Extension Ser- 


56 RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


vice. Two dairy herd improvement associations have been or- 
ganized and active work started on November 17. 


Fruit Growing. 

The outstanding development in the fruit growing work this 
year has been the establishment of the Spray Service. This Spray 
Service was organized to give timely information as to when 
and with what materials to spray the apple orchards. The in- 
formation was given to the individual grower in three ways. 
First, through key men in each fruit area who received informa- 
tion direct from the county agents’ offices over the telephone, 
this information being relayed by them to the other growers in 
their district having telephone connections. Second; postal card 
communication sent to each one enrolled. And third, radio an- 
nouncements stating the spray to be applied and material to be 
used sent out over the two largest stations in Rhode Island. 


Orchard demonstrations in pruning, grafting, and dusting 
have been conducted. The effectiveness of this work may be 
shown in part by the results obtained in the orchards where the 
owners desired their fruit examined to determine if it were 90 
per cent free from insect and disease blemishes. In order to 
qualify for the 90 per cent Clean Apple Club it was necessary 
that at least 100 bushels of the variety entered should have been 
grown on the farm. In 1929 no grower who requested an exami- 
nation of fruit produced, fulfilled the requirements. This year 
nine growers obtained membership in the 90 per cent Clean 


Club. 


Poultry. 

Poultry work has shown a steady growth and has been con- 
ducted again along the lines of the Grow Healthy Chicks cam- 
paign, testing for Bacillary White Diarrhea (the Pullorum dis- 
ease) and encouragement of Record Keeping. Progress in the 
Grow Healthy Chicks campaign is shown by the following 
figures: 


1927 1930 
1. No. poultrymen enrolled 201 441 
2. No. chicks enrolled 134,893 466,365 
3. Poultrymen reporting H5 252 
4. Mortality of all chicks 18.1% 11.8% 
5. Mortality of chicks where all details of 


plan were followed 11.0% 74% 


REPORT OF THE EXTENSION SERVICE. 57 


Pullorum Disease Work. 
1925-1926, 8,175 birds were tested on sixteen farms with 6.97 
per cent reactors. 


1929-1930, 20,638 birds were tested on thirty-eight farms with 
4.4 per cent reactors. 


Two flocks were found free of the disease and in flocks where 
two or more breeds were kept one breed in each of four flocks 
was found free. i | 


In order to encourage the keeping of records seventy-five 
poultrymen have been induced to keep egg records during the 
past year. These records have been tabulated at the end of each 
month and a statement returned to the owner of each flock 
giving detailed results for the month. 


Due to the increase in the prevalence of chicken pox in the 
flocks of the State it was deemed advisable to inaugurate pre- 
vention work against this disease. Scab material was prepared 
and distributed to fifty-one poultrymen in the State who in- 
oculated 31,075 birds. 


Outlook. 


Extension work is being more freely accepted with each pass- 
ing year and with the accumulation of economic material from 
studies of local conditions more efficient programs of work are 
being planned and developed. With the promise of assistance 
during the ensuing year from the Federal Extension Service, the 
outlook for placing our extension program on a firm basis is 
brighter than ever before. 


As mentioned in previous reports, the greatest need of the 
Extension Service is an improvement in the financial condition 
of the Farm Bureaus in order that they may have funds sufh- 
cient to employ adequate clerical staffs. The limited finances of 
the local Farm Bureau and its effect upon resident Agent work 
is shown in the resignations of Agents in two of the Farm 
Bureau districts this year who resigned to accept positions in 
other states at an increase in salary and employment in at least 
one case where a definite schedule of promotion is in force. 


58 | RHODE ISLAND STATE COLLEGE. 


During the current fiscal year the Extension Service has been 
unable to accept the benefits of the Federal Deficiency Appro- 
priation Bill which included $1,000,000 “for additional cooperative 
agricultural extension work, including employment of specialists 
in economics and marketing to be allotted and paid by the Sec- 
retary of Agriculture to the several States and Territory of 
Hawaii in such amounts as he may deem necessary to accomplish 
such purposes." Of this sum $5,000 was allotted to Rhode Island. 
Advantage could not be taken of this appropriation owing to the 
fact that there were no funds which could be used for matching 
as by law required. A change in the present State law appropri- 
ating money for the support of local Farm Bureaus could be 
made which without increasing the State expenditures, would 
assure to the State this additional sum of money in the years 
to come. 


In closing this report I wish again to express my appreciation 
to all of the Extension workers for the cooperation shown dur- 
ing the past year and to again express my appreciation of the 
assistance rendered by Director Gilbert of the Experiment Sta- 
tion and his staff of workers. 


Respectfully submitted, 
G. E. ADAMS, 
Director.